{"id":11234,"date":"2024-04-19T12:00:48","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T12:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2024\/04\/19\/interviewing-source-relationships-journalism-education-ethics\/"},"modified":"2024-10-18T14:42:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T14:42:26","slug":"interviewing-source-relationships-journalism-education-ethics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2024\/04\/19\/interviewing-source-relationships-journalism-education-ethics\/","title":{"rendered":"The why, who and how of interviews"},"content":{"rendered":"    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Arecent social media post from a journalist-turned-professor sparked my interest. The professor told a quick story about a student who went into an interview with trepidation (don\u2019t we all?), and then was thrilled when the source complimented her on an especially good question.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>This brought to mind my own career-long effort to understand interviewing as its own skill set, no less essential than knowing how to find records or verify information. I consider it the foundational skill of any journalist, whether the journalist is an investigative reporter tracking the trail of money or a narrative writer paying witness to tragedy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Yet interviewing isn\u2019t something specifically taught in most journalism programs \u2014 at least not in the U.S. Maybe the assumption is that interviewing is baked into reporting classes. Or maybe the assumption was that people spend their lives in conversation \u2014 asking and answering questions \u2014 so interviewing isn\u2019t something that needs to be taught or learned as its own skill set. Most reporters of my generation learned as I did \u2014 by trial and error, instinct, osmosis and mimicry.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Perhaps I grew fascinated with interviewing skills because I wasn\u2019t a naturally strong writer. I couldn\u2019t write around things I didn\u2019t know or understand, so I wanted to make sure my notebook was crammed with enough of the right stuff to make it to to deadline. I, like most reporters, hated making mistakes, so I wanted the thin confidence that only comes with having truly heard what I was being told. I also loved to learn, and realized early in my career that interviewing \u2014 opening the door to someone else\u2019s knowledge and experience \u2014 was a free education every day.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>I carried my passion for interviewing into editing and then teaching. As an editor, I spent as much time talking with reporters not about how they planned to&nbsp;<em>write<\/em>&nbsp;their stories, but how they planned to&nbsp;<em>report<\/em>&nbsp;them. Knowing how to find, read and verify records was an essential part of that. But even more, I spent time brainstorming who they would interview, why and how. As a journalism professor, I spent as much time exploring interviewing challenges and skills as I did on story structure. I eventually created an entire course that focused on nothing but interviewing, with assignments designed to practice specific types of interviewing, from detailed observation to technical description to sensitive situations.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>I started that class by having students answer a simple question:&nbsp;<em>Why do we do interviews?<\/em>&nbsp;They would look at me as if&nbsp;<em>DUH!<\/em>&nbsp;But then, with just a few little nudges, they would come up with 18-25 different reasons. That\u2019s right: 18 to 25. That allowed us to have a productive talk about source selection, source relationships, transparency, ethics, the most effective way to frame questions, how to anticipate obstacles, how to work around stumbles and more.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Perhaps the next time you go into an interview, back up a short step and ask yourself a similar set of questions: Why are you doing this particular interview with this particular source? What do you need to know going into it and what do you need to accomplish coming out of it? What agreements are implicit and what do you need to state explicitly? What will you do if you need to interrupt or challenge? How will you handle your own emotions or reaction?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Remember your mother\u2019s advice: Think before you speak? Here\u2019s an editor\u2019s tweak: Think before you ask.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A reporter\/editor\/teacher recommends stepping back to take a crucial first step of thought and planning to ensure effective interviews<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"topics":[],"authors":[3],"issue":[],"class_list":["post-11234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays-on-craft","authors-jacqui-banaszynski"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The why, who and how of interviews - Nieman Storyboard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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