{"id":11421,"date":"2024-08-14T12:00:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T12:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2024\/08\/14\/trauma-reporting-restorative-narrative-cougar-attack-mountain-biking\/"},"modified":"2024-10-16T19:49:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T19:49:52","slug":"trauma-reporting-restorative-narrative-cougar-attack-mountain-biking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2024\/08\/14\/trauma-reporting-restorative-narrative-cougar-attack-mountain-biking\/","title":{"rendered":"Reporting the long arc of trauma recovery"},"content":{"rendered":" \n
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Seattle Times intern Xavier Martinez grew up mountain biking on the eastern slopes of Washington\u2019s Cascades mountain range and remembers being \u201cterrified\u201d of encountering a cougar. Though he knew cougar attacks were rare, he rode with an awareness of the risk.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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And so, when news broke<\/a> about a mountain biker who was attacked in the Cascades last February, Martinez was drawn to the story. Local<\/a> and national<\/a> outlets recounted the traumatic incident, in which cyclist Keri Bergere was bitten by a cougar while biking with four of her friends. As the cougar sank its teeth into Bergere\u2019s jaw, her friends took action. They pinned the animal down with a bicycle, pulled on its legs and hammered its head with a rock until it released its grip, then kept it pinned under the bicycle until wildlife officials arrived and killed the animal. All five cyclists survived, but Bergere sustained serious injuries.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Xavier Martinez<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div> \n
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This was the story that one media outlet after another told in the immediate aftermath of the attack. As the weeks passed, media coverage faded, but Martinez couldn\u2019t let it go. A question nagged at him: How were the women recovering from this trauma?<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\u201cI had a hunch that there were some long-term repercussions,\u201d Martinez told me. \u201cIt\u2019s not like something like this just happens and then you just move on from it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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He followed that hunch to a story, published earlier this month in The Seattle Times, about the nonlinear and ongoing nature of trauma recovery<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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It\u2019s also a good example of a restorative narrative<\/a> \u2014 an approach to nonfiction that explores how people and communities rebuild in the aftermath of trauma. Instead of sensationalizing what\u2019s broken, or suggesting that it\u2019s already been fixed, restorative narratives probe how people move forward amidst the breakage. They reveal meaningful progressions \u2014 from illness to wellness, heartbreak to hope, suffering to survival.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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No predictive interviews<\/h2>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Wanting to learn more about the five cyclists\u2019 recovery progressions, Martinez started with Bergere. She then introduced him to her four friends; three agreed to be interviewed (the fourth was overseas and unavailable). As Martinez prepared for each conversation, he reminded himself that he wanted to reveal the different ways that individuals experience in the wake of trauma. This would require him to ask questions that he didn\u2019t already have the answers to and to avoid any assumed storyline.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\u201cI tried to stay away from asking questions about what happened that day, because, frankly, the information\u2019s out there, right? We\u2019ve all heard about the attack,\u201d Martinez said. So rather than asking the women broad and predictable questions about their recovery process, he started off with a seemingly simpler question \u2014 one focused around a narrower timeframe: \u201cAfter the attack, what was the rest of that day like?\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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That\u2019s how he learned more about the nine-hour surgery that Bergere endured. And how her four friends, in shock and in need of comfort, had gotten together later that night to drink tea and eat bread. The women\u2019s willingness to talk about the rest of that day opened up windows of opportunity for Martinez to ask more sensitive questions, including: \u201cHow often do you think about that day?\u201d and \u201cCan you describe some low points in your recovery process?\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Each of the women\u2019s responses to the same traumatic event differed. Bergere, the cyclist who was attacked, has struggled. As Martinez wrote:<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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After being rushed to Harborview Medical Center with serious injuries, Bergere spent nine hours in surgery. She was in the hospital for five days. Couldn\u2019t eat for months. Couldn\u2019t feel her face. Couldn\u2019t blink her eyes in sync.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n \n

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Throughout, Bergere has struggled. It\u2019s hard to shake the memories of the attack: The blood running down her throat, the suffocating feeling of her face being pinned down in the dirt by the cougar. Sometimes, she remembers the moment that she was ready to, as she says, \u201cjust let go.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Two of the women began therapy, including Tisch Schmidt-Williams, who had nightmares; at one point, she called a suicide-and-crisis lifeline. She spent less time with her cycling group, was slower to return to riding and may move to be close to family. From the story:<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\u201cI have to protect myself and my boundaries because I\u2019m very vulnerable right now,\u201d Schmidt-Williams said. \u201cEveryone\u2019s timeline is a lot different in terms of how they have to heal and what that looks like.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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The women\u2019s stories reminded Martinez that recovery is not one-size-fits-all \u2014 a reality he tried to reflect in the story. When writing the piece, Martinez initially struggled to find the right structure. He laid out a few bullet points as a loose outline, then began writing about each woman\u2019s experiences in chronological order. This meant he had to jump around from one woman\u2019s story to another and then back again. Martinez said he felt constrained by the chronology and thought the story was disjointed. He also realized that the story relied too heavily on details about the attack \u2014 the very thing he had been trying to avoid all along. Martinez is used to writing stories about news events, but telling a story about the ups and downs of recovery was new for him, and it took longer to get it right.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Martinez knew that if the story he envisioned didn\u2019t work out, he could default to Plan B, writing a short news update about how the women had recently received the Carnegie Medal for civilian heroism. But he also knew there was so much more to the story. With his editor\u2019s help, Martinez discarded his first draft and rewrote the piece entirely, without strict adherence to chronology. Martinez started with Bergere\u2019s experiences and then moved on to each woman, one by one, with transitions and context woven in. The piece flowed better, he said, and was easier to follow.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\u201cFor me, as an early career journalist, I think it was a good example of being honest with yourself,\u201d Martinez told me. \u201cRewriting something doesn\u2019t necessarily mean that it\u2019s a bad story; it just maybe means that something needs to be told in a different way. That was a powerful lesson.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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To end the piece, Martinez resisted the all-too-common crutch of a happy ending. The women didn\u2019t sugarcoat their own stories or pretend their suffering was behind them, and he wanted his story to reflect that truth.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\u201cTo all of the women\u2019s credit, they weren\u2019t trying to say that because they had completed the (mountain trail) course again, or because they had gotten on a bike since, or because they weren\u2019t feeling physical pain anymore, that things were \u2018all better,\u2019\u201d Martinez said. \u201cWe didn\u2019t have to try to tease out this idea of it not ending; we were able to suggest this through their voices.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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No tidy endings<\/h2>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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As I interviewed Martinez about his writing process, I thought about how challenging restorative narratives can be to report and write. They take time to unfold, so don\u2019t always have convenient news pegs. They often involve messy and complicated storylines. And they defy tidy endings. But journalists like Martinez argue that they\u2019re worth telling \u2014 a value that research reinforces. One study<\/a> found that restorative narratives elicit positive emotions and prompt readers to want to help those in need \u2014 namely the people featured in the narratives and others like them.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Indeed, Martinez\u2019 approach resonated with readers. \u201cI got a few emails saying that they appreciated the follow-up and that we wrote it as a \u2018checking in\u2019 feature rather than a straight news piece,\u201d he said. \u201cMany people in the comments and emails mentioned that talking about the long-term impacts helped them realize the importance of being prepared for the wilderness in the first place.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Martinez, who is now wrapping up his internship at the Seattle Times, said the restorative narrative genre appeals to him as a young reporter looking for different ways to tell stories. He plans to keep it in mind as he moves to New York for his next journalistic challenge.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\u201cI\u2019m excited to tell more stories like this,\u201d he said. \u201cI really think some of the best stories are about things that are ongoing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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* * *<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Mallary Tenore Tarpley<\/strong> teaches at the University of Texas at Austin\u2019s School of Journalism and Media. Previously, she was the director of the nonprofit Images & Voices of Hope, where she helped develop the restorative narrative genre. Her first book, \u201c<\/em>SLIP: Life in the Middle of Eating Disorder Recovery,\u201d will be published in 2025. She recently launched a newsletter, <\/em>Write at the Edge<\/em><\/a>, geared toward helping writers hone their craft.<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Seattle Times intern resisted easy news angles to learn the truth of recovery for five women mountain bikers who survived a cougar attack<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"topics":[],"authors":[374],"issue":[],"class_list":["post-11421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays-on-craft","authors-mallary-tenore-tarpley"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nReporting the long arc of trauma recovery - Nieman Storyboard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2024\/08\/14\/trauma-reporting-restorative-narrative-cougar-attack-mountain-biking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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