{"id":2172,"date":"2021-08-05T12:00:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-05T12:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2021\/08\/05\/tools-from-fiction-build-a-sophisticated-national-magazine-award-feature-finalist\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T16:49:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T16:49:10","slug":"tools-from-fiction-build-a-sophisticated-national-magazine-award-feature-finalist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2021\/08\/05\/tools-from-fiction-build-a-sophisticated-national-magazine-award-feature-finalist\/","title":{"rendered":"Tools from fiction build a sophisticated National Magazine Award feature finalist"},"content":{"rendered":" \n
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T<\/span>amara Dean<\/a> thinks a lot about the elements of story, whether she is writing for magazines such as The Progressive; essays for Orion or Creative Nonfiction; or a fictional short story for a literary journal such as the Bellevue Literary Review. \u201cI\u2019m an impatient reader,\u201d she says. \u201cI find it hard to stay with moony or philosophical nature writing. I want things to move along. I want my revelations to come with liveliness.\u201d

That thoughtfulness underlies \u201cSlow Blues: On confronting the wonder and terror of nature,\u201d<\/a> published in the autumn 2020 issue of The American Scholar, and a finalist for the 2021 National Magazine Award for feature writing.

\u201cSlow Blues\u201d is taken from the common name for a particular type of firefly that lives only in the same stretch of southwestern Wisconsin that Dean calls home. Her story \u2014 part nature essay, part personal essay and part journalistic report \u2014 takes readers on a journey through the same region, where she is drawn by her awe of fireflies. It\u2019s also a journey through her personal struggle to recover from multiple cases of Lyme disease, which left her fearful she might have to leave the rural land she loved:
We could find a safer place to call home. But we might sacrifice, among many things, the potential for regular awe. I wasn\u2019t sure I could make the trade.<\/strong><\/em><\/blockquote>
The structure of Dean\u2019s piece, made up of entwined story strands, is known to essayists as a braided essay, and similar to what some journalists call a woven narrative. It moves readers from moment to idea to information to digression along a route that is neither predictable or random.

\u201cI find it hard to stay with moony or philosophical nature writing,\u201d Dean says. \u201cI want things to move along.\u201d

\"Author<\/a>
Tamara Dean<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Dean earned an MFA in fiction writing from Vermont College of Fine Arts, and the tools of fiction are put to good use in \u201cSlow Blues.\u201d \u201cI\u2019ve spent so many years studying and writing fiction,\u201d she says. \u201cThe kinds of essays that appeal to me as a reader follow some of the conventions of fiction.\u201d

She also teaches fiction and nonfiction writing in workshops<\/a> for The Loft in Minneapolis, and independently. In 2008, she published a book on sustainable living, \u201cThe Human-Powered Home.\u201d<\/a> Her previous career in technology resulted in bestselling college textbooks on computer networking. (And she is not to be confused with the other Tamara Dean, an Australian art photographer who also blends nature with very human intimacy. \u201cBut I\u2019ve occasionally received email messages meant for her,\u201d Dean the writer says.)

Dean\u2019s grasp of sophisticated and satisfying storytelling is seen in the ending of \u201cSlow Blues.\u201d She concludes the piece, not with the end of the quest, but with the completion of the protagonist\u2019s emotional story arc. It closes on a hopeful note, but with a sense of what has been lost and of the work that has gone into achieving that hope. \u201cI like the idea of the best endings combining an emotional win with a loss,\u201d Dean says. \u201cI want to be immersed in a world of the senses, captivated by a mystery or quest, and brought along on a ride by an empathetic protagonist.\u201d

I asked Dean about her writing process in general and the specifics of writing \u201cSlow Blues.\u201d Our conversation is edited for length and clarity, then followed by an annotation of the text.

Y<\/span>ou are one of those writers who does it all: fiction, essays, journalism. Which comes first, the genre or the writing? That is, when you have an idea, how and when do you decide what form it will take?
<\/strong>I\u2019m usually sure about what genre an idea belongs to from the start. Ideas that arrive with a big \u201cwhat if?\u201d factor are likely to belong to fiction. Ideas that I think will benefit from a fidelity to facts or are utterly compelling without any make-believe quotient are likely to become nonfiction.

Journalists typically have been trained (sometimes over decades) not to include themselves in their articles. Do you have any advice about how we can use our personal experiences to generate stories?
<\/strong>What I tell students in my workshops is to go straight for your obsessions, your guilty pleasures. Whatever topic holds the most energy for you right now, even if it seems silly, you\u2019ll write about in a compelling way.

What about getting the most out of writing in the first person? What\u2019s the most important thing a writer can do to use the first person to its full effect?
<\/strong>Be faithful to the voice and stance in every aspect \u2014 diction, syntax, attitude, emphasis, etc.

What do you wish other writers knew about \u201cSlow Blues?\u201d
<\/strong>It went through 12 drafts before I felt satisfied with it. I didn\u2019t used to like revision \u2014 and I still love first-drafting best. But I\u2019ve come to appreciate that taking time with a piece, looking at it from multiple angles, and asking more of it transforms the material and surprises me. I\u2019ve heard some writers say that revision not only creates better versions of our work, but also better versions of ourselves. We grow by close attention and devotion to a story or topic. I think that\u2019s true.

The annotation:<\/strong> Storyboard\u2019s questions are in red; Jackson\u2019s responses in blue. To read the story without annotations, click the \u2018Hide all annotations\u2019 button, which you\u2019ll find just below the social media buttons in the top right-hand menu or the individual gray boxes throughout the text, or at the top of your mobile device.<\/em>

Slow Blues<\/h1>
On confronting the wonder and terror of nature<\/em><\/strong>

By Tamara Dean | November 12, 2020

 

L<\/span>ate on a mid-June night, I stood barefoot in the yard between our house and a field of prairie forbs. Around me fireflies blinked greenish yellow\u2014hovering, dodging, or posing on stems. The night before, they had drawn me to the window. Now, although I\u2019d stayed indoors for most of the past six months, their light had lured me outside. <\/a>Do you have any rules for deciding whether you will be a character in an article?<\/span>I don\u2019t. I guess it\u2019s intuitive. If it serves the truth and meaning of a piece, I\u2019ll make myself a character. In some articles, I\u2019ve used myself as a stand-in for the reader, briefly. I might convey how I was introduced to an issue or affected by it, then move on to the meat of the piece.<\/span><\/span>

 

I wore clothing infused with permethrin, a potent tick repellent, and carried a canning jar and a swatch of cheesecloth for a lid. In minutes, a fast flasher flew into the jar. It signaled frantically as I brought it indoors for inspection. Under a magnifying light I saw its red-dotted head, its tan-striped back, nearly two centimeters long, and its antennae half that length. An ivory lantern spanned two segments of its lower abdomen. Lynn Faust\u2019s Fireflies, Glow-worms, and Lightning Bugs<\/em> (2017) told me that this specimen was probably a subspecies of Photuris versicolor<\/em>\u2014common in the eastern United States\u2014but beyond that, I had no idea. Fireflies can be hard to distinguish without a microscope. Some are more easily identified by behavior, their blinking pattern, and the hue of their light.

I kept the beetle only long enough to examine it. I didn\u2019t want it to miss another moment of its brief mating season, its brief adult life\u2014a mere three or four weeks. Outside, the field was still alight. I uncapped the jar and shook it gently over the grass, but the firefly, probably petrified, didn\u2019t leave. I set down the jar and left it there, assuming the insect would find its way out. <\/a>For the reader, this article starts with a scene with you in your yard looking for fireflies, but is this how it started for you as a writer? Was there a scene you wanted to capture? A story you wanted to tell?<\/span>It really began with a fascination with the fireflies. And a quest. Once I discovered that this rare, blue-glowing firefly lived near me and nowhere else in the world, I had to see if I could find it. I didn\u2019t intend to write about my experience with Lyme disease, but that was a big part of my life when I was hunting for fireflies, so it came along.<\/span><\/span>

 

M<\/span>y second bout with Lyme disease had made me feel steamrollered, flat as a paper doll, limp as a deflated balloon. Some days I didn\u2019t have the strength to sit at a keyboard and type. While I lay on the couch, my ears rang and pains stabbed at random\u2014elbow to ankle to knee to hand. My heart would stumble, stop, suspend its work like a parachute waiting to open, then restart with a jolt.

My partner, David, and I had moved to the country 12 years earlier to try our hand at rural living and learn all we could about the land and its inhabitants. We\u2019d made bricks from our own clay subsoil and built a house with them. We foraged and grew fruits and vegetables, heated with wood we cut from our forest, and experimented with prairie restoration. The life we\u2019d crafted and loved required energy. Now I was walled off from that dream. I gazed out the window as the seasons came and went.

In attempts to be positive, I would ask myself, What can I do?<\/em> Most days I had enough energy to hold a book and pen. So I read and took notes. <\/a>Were you conscious of this being a braided essay while you were writing it?<\/span>Yes, I set out to write a braided essay. My big idea was to juggle more elements than I\u2019d ever tried to juggle in one piece. The first version had too many elements, including a friend\u2019s death that happened the first summer I went looking for the slow blues and even a potential UFO sighting! But these were distracting, beside the point, and needed to go.<\/span><\/span>

 

A<\/span>ccording to Faust, over 2,000 species of fireflies exist worldwide, but that number is a guess. A thousand more might remain unidentified. Some are scarce, found in shards of habitat\u2014a single slope in the western Andes, a certain beach along the Delaware coast.

One type, Photuris caerulucens<\/em>, nicknamed \u201cslow blue,\u201d lives only in a narrow band, 80 miles north of our place, that crosses the Mississippi River from Minnesota to Wisconsin. It glows turquoise for a second, dips as if to punctuate its message, then goes dark for about four seconds before signaling again. Slow blues were first identified in 1926, and researchers recorded sightings in 1970 and 2014, but the species is minimally documented. Few scientists have seen it. Entomologists I consulted at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison weren\u2019t familiar with it. Like me, they had been introduced to slow blues by Faust\u2019s book.

On routine walks around our property, I have often encountered phenomena I could not have imagined: a live snake in an overhand knot in the middle of a deer path, a road carpeted with toad hatchlings, an oak\u2019s canopy thick with raccoons that swung like monkeys and scarfed down acorns all morning. I would gape, lose my sense of time\u2019s passage, lose myself. Each discovery reminded me that more discoveries were possible. If wanting more awe is a kind of greed, I was greedy.

I wanted to see the slow blues.

I hoped their range was poorly understood and that they lived farther south than where they had been identified. Sitting inside, I watched for them. I wished for a blue-lit beetle to rap on my window, but the only flashes I saw that June were yellow or green. I knew that awe depends partly on luck and partly on effort. To see a slow blue, I would have to venture beyond my yard. <\/a>Did you write the two strands of the essay separately, then weave them together? Or did you find yourself digressing as you wrote?<\/span> I didn\u2019t write the strands separately. I deliberately toggled between subjects as I moved forward. The sequence of material in the final draft is basically as it was in the first draft. I like to play with contrasts as I write, let my mind wander and take leaps. As a reader, I love when an author takes leaps, when I\u2019m challenged to figure out how things are connected, why she juxtaposed the material in that way.<\/span><\/span>

 

E<\/span>xhaustion had kept me indoors, but so did the fear of being bitten again. Our woods and fields were full of blacklegged ticks, which convey the Lyme disease bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi<\/em>, to other animals through their bites. I had often found the poppy-seed-sized nymphs or BB-sized adults on my skin after hikes. Some were crawling. Some had latched on. I would pluck them off or pry them out nonchalantly\u2014until I got sick.

My doctor, a regional Lyme disease expert, had called our valley \u201cthe Midwest\u2019s ground-zero\u201d for tick-borne illnesses. A month before I went out to catch a firefly, a friend who lives up the road had been hospitalized with anaplasmosis, another of the six diseases conveyed by the ticks in our area. A second woman I knew was struggling to live after anaplasmosis caused her kidneys to fail. So far, I had avoided the deadliest pathogens. Still, I resented the one that ruled my life.

During my first bout with Lyme, in 2012, I had heard voices. Berating, shrill, insistent. I\u2019d told the doctor, \u201cI feel like I\u2019m possessed.\u201d He looked up from my blood test results and said, \u201cYou are.\u201d He explained how the bacteria lodge in the heart, joints, and nervous system tissue and take different forms, making themselves more resistant to antibiotics. How the infection causes the brain to swell and how that leads to headaches, confusion, and behavioral changes. Lyme had made me no longer me.

Defiantly\u2014very much like me\u2014I told the doctor, \u201cI\u2019m going to beat this,\u201d as I marched out of his office.

He called after me, \u201cWell, I\u2019m glad you have a good attitude.\u201d

The Lyme bacteria\u2019s possession dredged up memories of delusional parasitosis. For asthma, at 13, I had been prescribed adult doses of two drugs whose extreme side effects had included hallucinations and psychosis. I watched, horrified, as worms crawled out of my arms and legs. I was convinced I had lice. I pulled out my hair strand by strand, picked at my scalp, and woke my mom at all hours to show her proof\u2014some imagined but very real arthropod pinched between my fingernails\u2014that I was infested.

That phobia ended when I stopped taking the medicine, but thereafter, I was warier around insects. I cringed at any reference to lice. I inspected the sheets for bedbug trails. Then came Lyme disease, and with it, a concerning circularity: one form of psychosis caused by the bacteria\u2019s effect on the brain is delusional parasitosis. I wondered if I was particularly susceptible. And if so, who was I to gauge whether my fear of ticks was overblown? <\/a>Most writers who aren\u2019t already professionals tend to focus on writing about their own experiences. What is the most important thing these writers can do to make their experiences relevant to readers?<\/span>Reach the universal through the particular. People want to read about experiences as filtered through a distinctive sensibility. The sensory details you notice and how you perceive them make up your self on the page \u2014 the reader\u2019s guide. Through these details, the big emotions like fear and love become visceral and readers are more deeply affected than they would be if you just wrote, \u201cI was afraid of the swamp.\u201d<\/span><\/span>

 

S<\/span>low blues, according to Faust\u2019s book, had been seen over a marshy field with tamaracks in the distance, \u201cbetween the now-small community of Bluff Siding and the village of Dodge, Wisconsin.\u201d Bluff Siding is a bar, a bank, and a few homes overlooking a state highway that hugs the Mississippi River. Beside the river is a federal wildlife refuge. The refuge\u2019s director told me slow blues didn\u2019t exist there but suggested they might be found in the nearby Tamarack Creek Wildlife Area.

In early July, David and I drove to Tamarack Creek. On the way we passed industrial chicken operations with their block-long barns. The farmhouses and outbuildings became fewer and farther apart and the roads became smaller, until we were driving on a dirt track in the woods. Lightning flashed above the hills to our north. We parked in a turnoff hemmed in by trees. With alarming speed, insects enveloped the car\u2014mosquitoes, of course, and flies the yellow-gray of a tornado-brewing sky.

I sat still in the silent, safe interior. We could turn around and go home. But we had researched and planned the outing. We had driven an hour and a half to witness something astonishing. I put on a mesh jacket with a veil over my permethrin shirt, took a deep breath, and stepped out.

 

Y<\/span>ears earlier, between my first and second bouts of Lyme, a friend told me that the disease had changed her personality. Once, she had been an extrovert; now, she was reluctant to go out. She no longer planned parties or volunteered at her kids\u2019 school.

With my second case of Lyme I experienced similar inversions. Where I had been prone to impatience and haste, I was now slow and mild. I walked at a lag, pitching and rolling as if inside a bubble, while the horizon bobbed, too. I preferred sitting still. I could endure hours of small talk with dreamy, outsize interest. My lifelong insomnia disappeared. My memory was potholed, my reasoning sludgy. Also, just as I leaned on David physically when I was too weak to walk, I leaned on him emotionally more than before. I didn\u2019t want to be left alone, not even for an hour. <\/a>What are the benefits of including the first person and personal experience in stories? Are there any that stand out for you as a writer and a reader?<\/span>It\u2019s strange to say as a personal essayist, but I\u2019m wary of the first person. It can be cloying or claustrophobic, easily deceptive. But it can also be convincing in a way that other points of view aren\u2019t. The reader is completely immersed in the narrator\u2019s worldview. Still, I think the first person requires extra caution, or skill, to use it to its full effect.<\/span><\/span>

 

A<\/span>cross the road from where we\u2019d parked, David led the way into the bog, stomping down the reeds to clear a path. The sun was setting. The air was muggy. Thousands of fireflies blinked around us. They appeared as a web of tiny lanterns strung across that middle of nowhere. I felt daring and full of wonder, like the person I had been before Lyme, as I entered the marsh.

In an email exchange, Faust told me that a dozen species of fireflies probably live on my property, but I had distinguished only two types in my back yard. At Tamarack Creek, I recognized a multiplicity, each with a subtly different hue and pulse pattern. One type floated slowly as it glowed. Another dipped while signaling. But I saw no light that could have been called blue or bluish green. We stood among the reeds for hours, dwarfed by them, suspended between the pulsing lights. Then, in one moment, the bog went dark. In the next moment, all the beetles flared again. We gasped. Faust told me later that although synchronously flashing fireflies don\u2019t live in Wisconsin, \u201cthey often seem to get one another going, with their enthusiasm causing periodic mass flashes.\u201d

I detained a few fireflies in empty spice jars and examined them under a headlamp, but they looked just like the one I\u2019d caught in our yard\u2014too large to be slow blues and signaling yellow-green. Maybe we were early. Maybe we\u2019d picked the wrong spot. How narrow, really, is the slow blues\u2019 range? Are they rare or only understudied?

I\u2019ve read that science has not even begun to decipher the mysteries of the commonest species, such as field mice, and that we have discovered only 14 percent of the species living on our planet. <\/a>Did you give any thought to what was the right amount of scientific detail to include in the piece? Did you take any scientific facts out? Were there any facts that you only added in a very late draft?<\/span>Yes! I think my tolerance for scientific detail is higher than most people\u2019s. I\u2019ve heard that from trusted readers over the years. So I\u2019m in the habit of watching for an excess of those details when I revise. In an early version of this piece, I had mentioned the method for determining which days in July the slow blues would be flashing, including a definition of mean growing degree days (mGDD). Who cares? Something I added later was the bit about fireflies\u2019 use in Japanese traditional medicine. It fit and underscored my point.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Often while hiking, I\u2019ve thought, Why do we explore space or read science fiction when we\u2019re surrounded by the bizarre and miraculous at home?<\/em>

 

\u201cN<\/span>ervous awe and apprehension are born out of proximity and attention,\u201d the poet Mary Ruefle writes in her essay \u201cOn Fear.\u201d She quotes Barry Lopez: \u201cOn a day-to-day basis [Inuit people] have more fear. Not of being dumped into cold water from an umiak, not a debilitating fear. They are afraid because they accept fully what is violent and tragic in nature.\u201d She adds, \u201cThe industrial world destroys nature not because it doesn\u2019t love it but because it is not afraid of it.\u201d

Allowing for the common, if problematic, distinction between \u201cnature\u201d and \u201chuman,\u201d when I was a city dweller, I would drive hours to take solace in nature\u2019s sensory extravaganza\u2014the pine\u2019s incense, the creek\u2019s rush, owls calling at dusk. It calmed and revived me. But my noticing then was temporary, and being short-lived, superficial. After I moved to the country, nature dazzled me in different ways. I observed its systems at work, its rhythms and interdependencies. It seemed to want nothing from me. What a relief. I could wade through the river and wander all day on the other side without a smartphone, ID, or money. Nature didn\u2019t ask favors or demand a response. But that was only more romantic imagining. Lyme disease made clear to me that nature has an agenda of its own, and a certain degree of wariness is wise.

 

A<\/span> week after David and I stood in the marsh, I went slow blue hunting again, this time with my friend Liz. I had studied the map and found another tamarack swamp closer to Bluff Siding, where the entomologist Eunice Myers and her student Bernard Boland had identified and named the slow blues in 1926.

As we drove north, I watched the verdant hills and thought, peril<\/em>. With every passing field and forest: tick, tick, tick, tick<\/em>. How many millions were out there, lying in wait? One night in the swamp\u2014bushwhacking through vegetation, standing still in the bug-thick air\u2014seemed foolish in retrospect. It might have been all I could tolerate.

Studies with mice demonstrate that memories can be transmitted through generations and that specific phobias might be inherited. I welcomed this news. Maybe my shaking and sweating palms when climbing a ladder weren\u2019t so irrational. According to my crude understanding of epigenetics, my symptoms might have originated in the refashioning of a 16th-century woman\u2019s DNA as she watched her husband fall to his death from the chimney he was mending. Thus, her progeny\u2019s DNA harbored a sensible fear of heights.

Genetics might have explained my acrophobia, but my fear of bugs was learned. I paid them little mind when I was a child. Even as an adult, I don\u2019t fear them categorically. Rather, I fear their cunning and what they convey\u2014not death so much as my involuntary metamorphosis into a person I don\u2019t recognize. Although my journal indicates that in July 2017, I was feeling somewhat better, with enough energy to drive and walk and take notes, and enough lucidity to identify what I observed, I was not who I had been, and I didn\u2019t know if I would ever return.

Philosophers and physicists say that repulsions come with equal attractions. But whether we fear or adore something, we are bound in a relationship with it. I wanted a better, braver bond with arthropods. The slow blues offered possibility. Also, inspiration. For this nearly forgotten species in its nearly forgotten habitat, a small blinking light was a matter of survival, an urgent attempt to carry on. A hopeful sign I needed to see.

 

I<\/span> parked on the shoulder of a county road next to the swamp. It was 70 degrees at 10 p.m., dark, humid, and very still. The sky was cloudless, the Big Dipper garish above us. I wore my mesh bug suit and carried a camera, flashlight, notebook, and pen. Liz carried a butterfly net. I vowed to stay on the pavement to avoid ticks.

The slim, curving road looked similar to the road I live on but felt less friendly. Pickups rumbled in from a distance and blew past us. Each time one approached, we scurried to stand behind my car. A few motorists slowed. One man stopped and asked if we were okay, and we hastily answered, \u201cYes!\u201d Once the headlights passed, we focused on the marsh again. We saw fast flashers, slow flashers, steady glows, and beacons that traced out long-division symbols. We counted seconds between the light pulses, and I wrote the timing in my notebook. Bullfrogs barked and grunted. Something hissed. Other beings plunged or plopped into the water.

After a half hour, we still hadn\u2019t seen a slow blue. We reviewed what we knew of their preferred conditions. We decided again that the night was ideal. We debated scouting out another location to the west.

Then we turned to face the opposite side of the road, where the treetops we could barely make out indicated that the ground rose slightly. We stared through the dark. About 12 feet above the weeds, a bluish-green light was moving from north to south. It dipped slightly, went dark for four and a half seconds\u2014I was counting silently\u2014before lighting up again farther south. \u201cThat\u2019s it!\u201d we whispered. We held our breath. The tiny glow transfixed us. It drifted south, then switched off and on again in a pattern matching exactly what Myers and Boland had recorded and in an unmistakable turquoise hue, unlike anything we had ever seen. <\/a>This would have been a very different piece if you ended it with you and Liz seeing the slow blue fireflies. Did you ever consider ending it there?<\/span>No. A few readers questioned why I didn\u2019t end the piece there, but I always knew that wasn\u2019t the true end.<\/span><\/span>

 

I<\/span>n his writings about Japan in the late 19th century, journalist Lafcadio Hearn reported on the East\u2019s reverence for fireflies. The Japanese followed the insects\u2019 annual light shows. They celebrated, captured, and caged them. Some people believed fireflies to be the ghosts of fallen soldiers. Others used them in traditional medicines. According to Hearn, \u201cFirefly-ointments used to be made which had power, it was alleged, to preserve a house from the attacks of robbers, to counteract the effect of any poison, and to drive away \u2018the hundred devils.\u2019 And pills were made with firefly-substance which were believed to confer invulnerability.\u201d

But despite their onetime use as invincibility potions, many fireflies are toxic. Their bodies contain lucibufagin, a potent cardiac glycoside, a substance that can stop the heart. In addition to advertising their sexual availability, their light might serve as a warning to potential predators, such as bats, that not only do they taste terrible, but they are also poisonous. Ingesting one beetle could doom a salamander. More than a handful might kill a human. Still, I thought, maybe the firefly substance acts as a tonic in fractional doses. Maybe, like foxglove\u2019s digitalis, another cardiac glycoside, it bolsters the heart\u2019s contractions and steadies its rhythm. Had someone handed me those pills, I would have downed one.

 

L<\/span>ynn had asked me to catch a specimen and take closeups of its front and back. So Liz jogged after the flying beetle with her net held high, as I hurried after her. But given this male slow blue\u2019s altitude, there was little chance we could capture it. We searched for one of the females, which stay closer to the ground, but didn\u2019t see any.

The area we jogged toward smelled like a carcass, and for the rest of the night, as we paced the road, gazing toward the upland side, the smell followed us. When a car passed, the stink rushed us and seemed even more putrid. The swamp\u2019s night creatures rasped and groaned, while Liz and I joked about zombies lurching after us. At any moment they might clap their greasy claws over our mouths. We laughed to chase away our fears.

Slow blue males flickered a few more times, but never more than two simultaneously. Compared to the quickly flashing Photinus consimilis<\/em> and Big Dippers, Photinus pyralis<\/em>, on the other side of the road, Photuris caerulucens<\/em> was elusive. Near 11 p.m., when we were about to leave, we saw one more. Or so we thought. I said to Liz, \u201cEverything matches, but I haven\u2019t noticed it dropping in flight.\u201d Then the turquoise light swerved downward before being extinguished. Liz said to it, \u201cThank you for the clarification.\u201d <\/a>What value does the scene with you and Liz seeing the blue firefly have as a middle scene?<\/span>Putting that scene in the middle, which answers a question raised at the beginning of the piece, indicates to the reader that finding the slow blues isn\u2019t all that the piece is about \u2014 that there are other questions, maybe bigger ones, to be answered.<\/span><\/span>

 

F<\/span>ireflies\u2019 bioluminescence is called \u201ccold fire\u201d because unlike a campfire, it produces no heat. It\u2019s the product of a reaction between luciferin and luciferase, chemicals named after lucifer<\/em>, Latin for \u201clight-bringing.\u201d Luciferase, an enzyme, is also used as a marker in biochemistry, enabling researchers to trace certain bacteria, for example, through generations of organisms.

Scientists know that fireflies control their chemical signaling with precision but not why different species glow in different shades. They don\u2019t know how quickly firefly populations are diminishing or how habitat loss and skies brightened by artificial light are affecting different species. Or why slow blues live only in a narrow swath of upper Mississippi River backwaters. What factors led them to evolve and thrive there? Algorithms can predict the bounds of a species\u2019 niche, the only place it can thrive, given ideal temperature, humidity, the hours of light and darkness, food sources, predators, and pressure from other species that share its range. But no one has run the calculations for slow blues.

Also unknown is how quickly slow blues could adapt to changing conditions. If the tamarack swamp is drained for farmland, if the climate gets warmer or wetter than they can tolerate, will they evolve in time to survive in new circumstances? With their life cycle requiring two years underground as larvae or pupae, it\u2019s unlikely they could migrate. Fireflies depend on very specific habitats. Their sensitivity makes them an indicator species. When conditions degrade, they\u2019ll disappear before others.

Ticks, just the opposite, are highly adaptable. They have flourished and conquered new territory as North America\u2019s temperatures have warmed. In 2018, the second year of my second bout with the disease, investigative journalist Mary Beth Pfeiffer published Lyme: The First Epidemic of Climate Change<\/em>. Although the bacteria that causes Lyme has existed for millennia, Pfeiffer writes, \u201cwe have revived and empowered a sleeping giant\u201d\u2014thanks to warmer winters and earlier springs, \u201cticks have climbed latitudes like ladders; they have moved up mountains.\u201d In fact, the spread of Lyme disease is one gauge the EPA uses to track climate change.

Reading Pfeiffer\u2019s conclusions, derived from her interviews with experts worldwide about Lyme disease and the spread of ticks, could alter the DNA of even the most critter-bold explorer. For me, she confirmed a familiar dread. On viewing Monet\u2019s Poppy Fields near Argenteuil<\/em> in a museum, she wrote, \u201cI can no longer look at such pastoral loveliness without seeing what lurks within.\u201d

 

A<\/span> year after I had stepped out to catch a firefly, a combination of pharmaceuticals, exercise, and diet had brought me close to normal functioning. To avoid ticks, I no longer walked into woods or fields. I wouldn\u2019t brave the path to the prairie we\u2019d planted, although I longed to see it and the bees and butterflies it must have attracted. Those were the ticks\u2019 habitats. But I wouldn\u2019t give up my garden. I planted rows of tomatoes, peppers, beans, greens, broccoli, pumpkins, potatoes, and popcorn. Gardening, I was my old self. I also restarted my running routine, shuffling up and down our road, careful to stay on the asphalt. <\/a>I really related to the protagonist of this story, even though we have many differences. How do you create a relatable protagonist, or persona? It must be especially difficult to do this as a first-person narrator. Does contradiction or paradox play a role?<\/span>So many things play a role. Being honest and vulnerable are key \u2014 and if you\u2019re honest and vulnerable, you can\u2019t help but portray contradictions. As a writer of nonfiction, you have to regard your written self as a persona, a character of a different time or environment or at least temperament than your writing self. You need to be compassionate toward that character, but you can\u2019t be overprotective.<\/span><\/span><\/a>What does it mean to be vulnerable as a writer or as the first-person protagonist of a story? I suspect it means writing from a different place than where the average journalist writes from. (For me, I would say I try to be certain and unassailable in my journalistic writing.) How would you describe that vulnerable mindset?<\/span>I think it\u2019s a matter of knowing yourself, being aware of your own b.s. and where and how it\u2019s likely to come up. What are you hesitant to divulge? What shifty phrases or dodges do you use to avoid what\u2019s painful? Find those and you\u2019ll find where you might open up more.<\/span><\/span>

 

In mid-May, I found a tick dug into my scalp. It seemed impossible. What had I done wrong? Where had I crossed paths with it? I pulled it from my hair\u2014a scrap of skin still in its mouthparts\u2014and dropped it in a jar of alcohol. I tried to dismiss the incident. Given the volume of antibiotics I had taken over the previous 18 months, I imagined I was unlikely to contract Lyme disease again. But three weeks later, I was flattened, chilled, and feverish. Pain jetted down my legs and arms. I filled a new prescription for antibiotics.

The next month, I felt well enough to go outside and harvest some things, including a plastic bag full of kale. I used half the kale that day. Three days later, I took out the rest. At the bottom of the white bag was a black dot. A fleck of soil? I brought it close. A tick. I put on my glasses. Five more blacklegged ticks clung to the bag\u2019s interior. All my precautions had proved useless. Most likely, I had been bitten in my own garden while wearing boots and clothes saturated with permethrin, my invincibility potion. As David tweezered the ticks out of the bag and into a jar of alcohol, I paced the kitchen behind him.

Some people in our valley live among ticks, get bitten, and don\u2019t get ill. Some fall ill and shrug it off. They adapt to whatever changes it brings. They would never give up their place in this quiet, stunning landscape, this close-knit community. But after my third case of Lyme, with my habitat narrowed to exclude forests, fields, prairies, and even my garden, with my energy sapped, I admitted that maybe, to be the person I wanted to be, I would have to redefine my niche.

The unthinkable suddenly became possible: Leave the land. Get rid of the tractor, sawmill, chainsaws, beekeeping supplies, and gardening tools. Walk away from the house we had built. Break the news to friends with sadness. We could find a safer place to call home. But we might sacrifice, among many things, the potential for regular awe. I wasn\u2019t sure I could make the trade.

Months later, after I\u2019d regained some strength, after my workout partner said, \u201cYou got your fire back!\u201d I thought, maybe I\u2019m fully recovered<\/em>. I told David, \u201cWe can stay.\u201d

He pushed back. I couldn\u2019t walk in the woods. Couldn\u2019t mow. Couldn\u2019t prune. Couldn\u2019t garden. I was nervous about stepping off our walkway and into the grass.

 

E<\/span>ven after two years of struggling, I found it hard to admit that I was no longer who I had been. Days I never left the bed I kept secret. I only wanted to return to normal. If I had enough energy to wash dishes, I was thrilled. If I had more, I went running or baked bread. I would insert my old self into my new circumstances, even if the exertion set me back for another week. Then, at least for a while, I had denied Lyme\u2019s control over me.

I couldn\u2019t accept an unconditional exile from the natural world. I wanted to see the slow blues again. I wanted David to see them. I had new information about their habitat, a photo from an obscure entomology journal of the very \u201ctamarack swamp in Wisconsin\u201d where Eunice Myers identified the species in 1926. The photo was taken in 1970, but I imagined not much had changed, that ground too flood-prone to be plowed.

In July 2018, David, Liz, our friend Gary, and I drove north to find the swamp in the photo. At sunset, the clouds over the Mississippi were rouge and lavender stripes. The water was flat. A barge headed downstream. Gary pointed out islands where Native Americans had built effigy mounds and hills with bald crowns that were restored goat prairies. Together, we dreamed up techniques and conditions for experiments we might conduct to research the slow blues. In a lab\u2014or no, in a giant tent over the grounds where they breed. Gary kept asking me about their lifecycle, but I couldn\u2019t remember anything. When we stopped for gas, I handed him Lynn\u2019s book.

We found the very spot where the 1970 photo was taken, matching the curve in the road, the 35-mph sign at its left edge, the gentle hill in the background. It was less than a mile west of where Liz and I had seen the slow blues the previous summer. We passed an old tractor pulling two empty hay wagons, then parked at the entrance to a dirt road marked with a modest \u201cNo Trespassing\u201d sign.

I wore my permethrin garb and doused my ears, neck, and hands with bug repellent. I carried the butterfly net, although I knew I wouldn\u2019t use it. My heart was in witnessing, not capturing.

The night was cooler than normal. Whether because of temperature or humidity, previous flooding, or some shift in the predator-prey balance, even the commonest fireflies were scarce. But near 11 p.m., on the upland side of the road, I saw one moving slowly about 15 feet above the ground. I thought that its lantern was a shade of blue\u2014I wanted it to be\u2014but the others contradicted me, and I wasn\u2019t certain enough to insist.

Several pickups stopped. We talked with the drivers: the man who owned the land, who said it was okay for us to park there to look for fireflies, but didn\u2019t understand why we\u2019d want to; a man who farmed the ridgetop we faced and couldn\u2019t say whether he had ever seen a blue-glowing firefly because he was colorblind; and a pair of citizen scientists like us, who were looking for bats.

An hour later, with no slow blue sightings, I gave up hoping to see what I had come for. With the others, I simply stood beside the bog and stared into the dark. I was aware of feeling contented in an imperfect habitat\u2014outdoors, but on a manmade surface, not entirely safe from ticks and not fully immersed in nature. Happy, anyway, to be with people I cared about and who cared about me.

We packed away our flashlights, notebooks, and nets. We got into the car. But rather than drive away, we sat quietly, waiting, giving our quarry one last chance. Just then we were astonished by a brief, brilliant shooting star arcing across the southeastern sky where we had been watching for fireflies and where Mercury had been rising and falling all summer. It was so bright that I imagined I could have seen it from anywhere in the world. Maybe, maybe not. But as its arc faded, I felt sure that no matter where I went, I would experience awe, if coupled with fear, as long as I kept paying attention. <\/a>Did you always know the piece would end with the shooting star scene?<\/span>Yes. That was there from the start and it felt right to me. The wording and scope changed during revision, though.<\/span><\/span> <\/a>I think that as journalists, we consider ourselves lucky to get a satisfying conclusion, an end to the quest, such as seeing the blue firefly. Do you have any advice about how to probe for that deeper, emotional conclusion?<\/span>Endings are hard. Fiction writers are taught that the best endings are inevitable, yet surprising. Endings should at the very least answer any questions that the piece raised. Often, they represent the protagonist in a changed state. With nonfiction, it\u2019s important to show a shift, but also not to stretch too far for something lofty that might be unearned. When I\u2019m revising, I also look for the ending to resonate with the theme (which might not be apparent until after a few drafts) and to speak to the beginning, whether in contradiction or confirmation.<\/span><\/span>

***

Madeline Bodin<\/strong> is a freelance environmental and science journalist who is based in Vermont, but will travel just about anywhere for a good story.<\/em>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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