{"id":2206,"date":"2021-10-28T12:00:51","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T12:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2021\/10\/28\/nut-grafs-triptych-ii-pointed-questions-including-whogas\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T16:51:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T16:51:32","slug":"nut-grafs-triptych-ii-pointed-questions-including-whogas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2021\/10\/28\/nut-grafs-triptych-ii-pointed-questions-including-whogas\/","title":{"rendered":"Nut grafs: Triptych II ~ Pointed questions, including WHOGAS?"},"content":{"rendered":"    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-html mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            <em><strong>EDITOR&#8217;S NOTE:<\/strong> Last week and this, we&#8217;re offering support to editors and educators for how to guide writers through an effective nut graf \u2014 however you spell it and whatever you call it. Go to the homepage for recent articles or search &#8220;nut graf&#8221; for more.<\/em><br \/><br \/>&nbsp;<br \/><br \/><span class=\"legacy-dropcap\">I<\/span> am not a big fan of the nut graf. We divorced a long time ago when I said goodbye to feature reporting and began writing true narratives. Still, I found my editors (but not <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jan-winburn-872ba335\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jan Winburn<\/a>) asking: \u201cWhere is the nut graf?\u201d<br \/><br \/>I like to show my students <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eli-saslow.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eli Saslow\u2019s stories<\/a>. I especially like the one he wrote about a young woman in Roseburg, Oregon, who struggled to go on with her life after being severely wounded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sf\/national\/2015\/12\/05\/after-a-mass-shooting-a-survivors-life\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cA survivor&#8217;s life\u201d<\/a>) in a mass shooting at a community college. The fifth graf of the story reads this way:<br \/><blockquote>It had been 20 days since the last time Bonnie left Cheyeanne by herself &#8211; 20 days since she was shot along with 15 others in a classroom at Umpqua Community College. Nine people were killed that day, adding to the hundreds of Americans who have died in mass shootings in recent years. And seven people were wounded but didn&#8217;t die, joining the ever-expanding ranks of mass-shooting survivors. There are thousands of them. Fifty-eight gunshot survivors at the movie theater in Aurora, Colo. Three at the Washington Navy Yard. One at a church in Charleston, S.C. Nine in Colorado Springs. Twenty-one in San Bernardino, Calif. And seven more in Roseburg, Ore., where Cheyeanne had been sent home from the hospital to a flea-infested rental with reinforced locks and curtains darkening the living room.<\/blockquote><br \/>And that\u2019s it. The story moves forward from there with scenes with Cheyeanne and Bonnie. To me this is the perfect nut graf. It\u2019s all the reader needs to know.<br \/><br \/><figure id=\"attachment_166918\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-166918\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/MoniBasu-e1635293337335.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-166918\" src=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/MoniBasu-e1635293337335.jpg\" alt=\"Reporter and journalism Moni Basu\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-166918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moni Basu<\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/><br \/>After reading this story, I changed the way I approach the \u201cnut graf lesson\u201d with my students.\u00a0Here is what I ask them to consider when they are writing theirs:<br \/><ul><br \/> \t<li>Why is your story relevant?<\/li><br \/> \t<li>What do readers absolutely HAVE to know to get your story? Consider the most important background material.<\/li><br \/> \t<li>What is the context in which you are telling the story?<\/li><br \/> \t<li>Where should this information come in your story?<\/li><br \/> \t<li>What is the essential theme of your story and how can you convey it here?<\/li><br \/><\/ul><br \/>If they struggle or fail to write an adequate nut graf, whatever that might be, I ask them to do two things:<br \/><ul><br \/> \t<li>Print out your story and highlight the three sentences that you think are crucial.<\/li><br \/> \t<li>Then write, in eight words, what your story is about.<\/li><br \/><\/ul><br \/>I find that generally, this exercise brings clarity. Either they are able to write a nut graf or its equivalent with ease after this, or they realize they are lacking in their reporting.<br \/><p style=\"text-align: right;\">~ MONI BASU <em>Former reporter for newspapers and CNN Digital, now teaching at the University of Florida<\/em><\/p><br \/>&nbsp;<br \/><br \/><span class=\"legacy-dropcap\">O<\/span>y, this is a hard one. Not sure I ever did it very well.<br \/><br \/><figure id=\"attachment_166919\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-166919\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DaleKeiger2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-166919\" src=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DaleKeiger2-e1635293511283.jpg\" alt=\"Retired magazine editor Dale Keiger\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-166919\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dale Keiger<\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/><br \/>I agree about the importance of at least having a nut graf in the head. I liked talking through a story with students (and the occasional really lost writer). Something about that often clarified matters. Lost count of how often I\u2019d work with a student or intern on a thorny bit, said to them \u201cnot sure what this means\/what you\u2019re going for here,\u201d and the student would reply with something good and I\u2019d jump on it: \u201cThat! Right there! Write that down! That\u2019s how you should have said it in the story.&#8221;<br \/><br \/>At Hopkins Magazine, I had to read too many impenetrable books of literary theory or culture criticism or academic history. Several times, interviewing the author, I\u2019d say some variant of \u201cIs this what you\u2019re saying here?\u201d And the prof would say, \u201cExactly! That\u2019s a great way to say it!\u201d And I\u2019d say, to myself,\u00a0<em>Then why didn\u2019t you say it that way?<\/em><br \/><br \/>I also found it useful, even with more experienced writers, to ask, \u201cOkay, what\u2019s the story here?\u201d Frequently, I\u2019d get the writer\u2019s answer, then say, \u201cNo, that\u2019s the topic. What\u2019s the\u00a0<em>story<\/em>? What story do you want to tell?\u201d The last was the most important question because if I could get them to write whatever most wound them up, I\u2019d get much better results. Not every time \u2014 some writers just can\u2019t do a story unless I\u2019d paint arrows and lane lines on the floor \u2014 but it often worked well.<br \/><p style=\"text-align: right;\">~ DALE KEIGER <em>Retired editor of Hopkins Magazine and instructor at Johns Hopkins University<\/em><\/p><br \/>&nbsp;<br \/><br \/><span class=\"legacy-dropcap\">I<\/span> tell young reporters to think of this as the WHOGAS section, as in &#8220;Who Gives a Shit.&#8221; As a bonus, you might think of it as the WHYGAS section, as in \u201cWhy (should I) Give a Shit.\u201d<br \/><br \/><figure id=\"attachment_166920\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-166920\" style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DavidUmhoefer-e1635293762721.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-166920\" src=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DavidUmhoefer-e1635293762721.jpg\" alt=\"David Umhoefer, Pulitzer winning reporter and journalism program director at Marquette University\" width=\"425\" height=\"238\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-166920\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Umhoefer<\/figcaption><\/figure><br \/><br \/>It&#8217;s also a good place, in my opinion, to own up to what the story is and is not, to what you&#8217;ve been able to prove or show, and what you have not, to what&#8217;s new vs. not so new. This is great for building reader cred, for enticing both readers new to the topic and experts into staying a little longer, and for managing reader expectations after you&#8217;ve hooked them with your brilliant lede.<br \/><br \/>On a more practical level, especially on longer-term reporting projects, reporters should have a special place, electronic or not, where they can record the flashes of insight you get while reporting. These flashes can help form your nut section. These are the connections you start to see between events, the understanding that you&#8217;ve got something truly original, the realization that you&#8217;ve gotten to the core of a person or an issue. Often they are fleeting and drowned out by the flood tide of reporting; when you get them you must record them immediately.<br \/><br \/>A great tool for developing both nut sections and bulleted &#8220;findings&#8221; sections is the timeline of events. Just the act of compiling it enables many flashes of insight.<br \/><p style=\"text-align: right;\">~ DAVID UMHOEFER <em>Pulitzer Prize winning reporter who now is director of the O&#8217;Brien Fellowship in Public Service Journalism at Marquette University<\/em><\/p><br \/>&nbsp;\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EDITOR&#8217;S NOTE: Last week and this, we&#8217;re offering support to editors and educators for how to guide writers through an effective nut graf \u2014 however you spell it and whatever you call it. Go to the homepage for recent articles or search &#8220;nut graf&#8221; for more. &nbsp; am not a big fan of the nut [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8973,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"topics":[],"authors":[3],"issue":[],"class_list":["post-2206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays-on-craft","authors-jacqui-banaszynski"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nut grafs: Triptych II ~ Pointed questions, including WHOGAS? - Nieman Storyboard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2021\/10\/28\/nut-grafs-triptych-ii-pointed-questions-including-whogas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nut grafs: Triptych II ~ Pointed questions, including WHOGAS? - Nieman Storyboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EDITOR&#8217;S NOTE: Last week and this, we&#8217;re offering support to editors and educators for how to guide writers through an effective nut graf \u2014 however you spell it and whatever you call it. 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