{"id":2276,"date":"2022-04-26T12:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T12:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/04\/26\/invstigative-reporting-character-development-accuracy-fairness\/"},"modified":"2024-03-05T16:56:16","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T16:56:16","slug":"invstigative-reporting-character-development-accuracy-fairness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/04\/26\/invstigative-reporting-character-development-accuracy-fairness\/","title":{"rendered":"2022 Power of Narrative: Debbie Cenziper on the reporting-writing partnership"},"content":{"rendered":" \n
\n
\n Editor’s note:<\/strong> This is one of five posts from the 2022 Power of Narrative conference at Boston University. For other takeaways, see Ellen Barry on first-person narratives<\/a> and Lizzie Johnson on deadline narratives<\/a>.<\/em>

I<\/span>n a career that has earned multiple awards, including a Pulitzer Prize, and took her from investigative work at the Miami Herald to the Washington Post to books to the Director of Investigative Journalism at Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, Debbie Cenziper<\/a> holds to a primary lesson: \u201cGood [nonfiction] writing always starts with good reporting.\u201d

That underscored her session at the 2022 Power of Narrative Conference at Boston University, where she touched on techniques to construct authentic, compelling stories through \u201ccolor,\u201d \u201cdetail\u201d and \u201csilly\u201d questions. Key takeaways:

Develop character and detail<\/strong><\/h3>
Cenziper faced a learning curve when writing her first book, \u201cLOVE WINS: The Lawyers Who Fought the Landmark Case for Marriage Equality.\u201d<\/a> The book, published in 2017, dives into the history of the the battle to legalize gay marriage; Jim Obergefell, the Ohio man who is the plaintiff in the suit that eventually wound its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, is named as a co-author.

\"Washington<\/a>
Debbie Cenziper<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Cenziper had to expand not just her writing for the book, but her reporting. \u201cMy goal wasn\u2019t to tell a story in 80 inches of newspaper copy,\u201d she said. \u201cMy goal was to tell a story in 80,000 words.\u201d

After more than 20 years as an investigative reporter, longform nonfiction give her the space and challenge to paint detailed scenes and to \u201cturn sources into characters.\u201d She didn\u2019t stop at what happened, but asked sources how they felt when those things happened. \u201cI remember asking for little details,\u201d she added. \u201cColor, description, silly details about the weather \u2013 not just if it was hot or cold, but what they were wearing. Those details allow your characters to come alive for your readers.\u201d

But beyond colorful detail and compelling characters, you have to \u201cgive the story a face.\u201d

Find the right character<\/strong><\/h3>
It helps to focus on a sympathetic underdog, someone for readers to root for. It was that focus that earned Cenziper the 2007 Pulitzer Prize in local reporting<\/a>, when she was at the Miami Herald, for \u201cHouse of Lies,\u201d an investigative series \u00a0exposing the abuses of housing developers who stole government funds meant for the poor, and the agency that enabled them.

A primary character of the project was Ozie Porter, a cafeteria cook who saved $5,000 for a down payment that then was pocketed by the developers who were supposed to supposed to get her into affordable housing.

\u201cThis house meant everything to her,\u201d Cenziper said, \u201cFreedom, financial stability, a stronger family and a guaranteed roof over her head.\u201d

Like the best investigative projects, her stories produced results: People were fired or sent to prison, and the government took over the corrupt housing agency. Most important to her, the city finally started building homes.

\u201cOzie was first on the list,\u201d Cenziper said. She still remembers watching Ozie Porter M\u201cswing the (house) keys over her head.\u201d

\u201cIt was a moment I will never forget as a journalist,\u201d she said.\u201d And what\u2019s more: I wanted my readers to understand and know that moment. I wanted them to feel that moment because Ozie Porter was the face of the Dade County housing crisis.\u201d

Capturing moments like that is essential to effective storytelling. \u201cAt the end of the day, your goal is to transport readers out of their world, for just a moment and into someone else’s,\u201d Cenziper said. \u201cYou want them to feel the pain, struggle, anguish, challenges, happiness, of someone else.\u201d

At the same time, she warned against relying too much on any one source. She has worked with sources who had important stories to tell, but didn\u2019t make it into her work. They just couldn\u2019t provide enough detail, or give enough information to set the scene.

\u201cFollow the reporting,\u201d she said, \u201cand be flexible.\u201d

Honor both reporting and writing<\/strong><\/h3>
Don\u2019t shortchange the writing. \u201cYou should spend double the time writing as you do reporting,\u201d Cenziper said. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t matter if you have the best findings in the world \u2013 or the best story in the world \u2013 if the writing doesn\u2019t hold up.\u201d

To do that: \u201cWrite out loud.\u201d Cenziper starts proofreading at the beginning of the piece \u2013 whether it\u2019s a full article or a chapter of a book \u2013 to get a sense of its rhythm.

Another key: Use strong verbs. \u201cIt\u2019s not enough to say the sky was gray. Verbs are action, and action powers your story.\u201d

\u201dBut,\u201d she said, \u201cgood writing can\u2019t make up for bad reporting.\u201d

A journalist must confirm all details with primary sources and, if possible, corroborate them with others to ensure accuracy.

That said, accuracy is not the same as fairness. When there\u2019s \u201ca bad actor\u201d in a work of investigative journalism or a book, a reporter should ask themselves if they\u2019ve fairly and accurately represented that subject\u2019s point of view and given them a proper chance to respond.

\u201cReaders trust you more when you give all sides a robust defense.\u201d That trust, she said, \u201cis all we have as journalists.\u201d

***

Andr\u00e9 Salkin<\/em><\/strong> is an undergraduate student at Boston University studying journalism and marine science. With a background in visual arts, he aims to focus on both human and environmental stories through writing and visual media.<\/em>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Editor’s note: This is one of five posts from the 2022 Power of Narrative conference at Boston University. For other takeaways, see Ellen Barry on first-person narratives and Lizzie Johnson on deadline narratives. n a career that has earned multiple awards, including a Pulitzer Prize, and took her from investigative work at the Miami Herald […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"topics":[],"authors":[370],"issue":[],"class_list":["post-2276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays-on-craft","authors-andre-salkin"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2022 Power of Narrative: Debbie Cenziper on the reporting-writing partnership - Nieman Storyboard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/04\/26\/invstigative-reporting-character-development-accuracy-fairness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2022 Power of Narrative: Debbie Cenziper on the reporting-writing partnership - Nieman Storyboard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Editor’s note: This is one of five posts from the 2022 Power of Narrative conference at Boston University. 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