{"id":2352,"date":"2022-11-18T13:00:52","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T13:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/11\/18\/empathy-interviewing-sources-intimacy-journalism\/"},"modified":"2025-03-18T16:30:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T16:30:18","slug":"empathy-interviewing-sources-intimacy-journalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/11\/18\/empathy-interviewing-sources-intimacy-journalism\/","title":{"rendered":"What empathy is, and isn&#8217;t, in journalism"},"content":{"rendered":"    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">I have chronicled the road to prison traveled by a 16-year-old Black kid involved in a double murder. I have shadowed a 22-year-old dancer struggling to find her place in a professional ballet company. I have written about the parole hearing of a man serving a life sentence for stabbing his wife a dozen times, about a Vassar-educated blueblood who became a communist spy, about a former college administrator deep into dementia.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>You get the idea. This is what we journalists do. We go out into the world and report and write about people who live different lives than we do \u2014 which is true someone living across the street as well as someone living in a maximum security prison.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>To write honestly and meaningfully, with context and sensitivity, we must write from a place of understanding. And that understanding comes from the people themselves, those with the lived experience we are trying to capture. How do we do that?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>I think the key is empathy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-heading   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reporting beyond the clich\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Empathy is often described as the ability to \u201cwalk a mile in someone else\u2019s shoes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>This, of course, is a clich\u00e9. But more than that, it is just plain wrong-headed. Allow me to belabor this point.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>How can we walk a mile, or take a single step, in someone else\u2019s shoes? It is possible that we have never even seen shoes like this before. Do we pause to think about this? Do we ask permission to walk in these shoes? How does that person feel about strange feet inserted in their shoes? Before we attempt to slip our foreign feet into someone else\u2019s familiar shoes, do we ask about this footwear, where it came from (a hand-me-down? an impulse-buy?), where it\u2019s been (in the back of a closet? on a long trip?), how long it\u2019s been worn? Do we ask how well these shoes fit the wearer? If the wearer likes these shoes? It is possible that our feet are too big or too small to fit, too narrow or too wide. Maybe we trip over the laces before we take a single step. So how is it that we can \u201cwalk a mile\u201d?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Okay. I believe I have adequately stomped (in my own shoes) on this clich\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>So if empathy isn\u2019t walking in someone else\u2019s footwear, what exactly is it? And why is it essential to our work? And how might we journalists practice it?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-heading   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neither sympathy nor softness<\/h2>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Let\u2019s get this out of the way first: Empathy is&nbsp;<em>not<\/em>&nbsp;a kind of softness, a squishy (read: unprofessional) attitude a journalist has toward a story, a source, a way of doing the work that undermines the veracity and clear-headedness of that work. Empathy is not agreeing with someone or being moved to tears or laughter by their experiences. It is not forging or experiencing an emotional bond. That is sympathy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Empathy is the ability \u2014 or I would say the ongoing challenge \u2014 to try to understand another person\u2019s point of view. This hinges on our recognition that we each see the world through a subjective lens crafted from the circumstances and experiences of our lives. If we don\u2019t recognize this, if we think that what we see is&nbsp;<em>the way it is<\/em>, we have little hope of understanding others. Empathy begins with our acknowledgement of our own filter: the shoes&nbsp;<em>we<\/em>&nbsp;walk in, the shoes that are comfortable and comforting to us.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>This is not a simple thing, this recognition and acceptance. For those schooled, as I was, in \u201cobjective journalism,\u201d this can feel like a defeat. Or maybe an insult to our professionalism. It is neither. Nor is it some \u201cwoke\u201d statement. It is simply how we humans are built. To see only through one\u2019s own filter stands in the way of meaningful and honest storytelling. And it makes empathy impossible.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Psychologists and neuroscientists have been studying&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2015\/10\/a-short-history-of-empathy\/409912\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">empathy in human behavior<\/a>&nbsp;since the mid-twentieth century&nbsp;and have identified three categories, naming them either cognitive, emotional and compassionate; or cognitive, behavioral and affective. But really, there is no reason to get into the weeds about this.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>I think it is more helpful to our work to think of empathy as either a cognitive response or an emotional response. Cognitive empathy, as you can guess, is a thinking process. It is purposeful and deliberate, a concerted attempt to understand others. It employs a journalistic skill we pride ourselves on: asking questions. To understand another person\u2019s perspective, what is important to them, how they think about issues \u2014 what shoes they wear \u2014 we ask them, right?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>Yes. But, perhaps more important, our understanding, our cognitive empathy, rests on the often ignored skill of listening, on giving others the opportunity to take the conversation where&nbsp;<em>they<\/em>&nbsp;want to take it, not where we want to direct it. We can, in short, shut up. Silence is a very powerful tool \u2014 not stony silence, not a temporary and uncomfortable pause, but inquisitive and inviting silence, a silence that beckons.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>And then there is the simple (and underused) skill \u2014 and it&nbsp;<em>is&nbsp;<\/em>a skill \u2014 of simply being there. If we want to understand The Other, what better way than to watch what unfolds in their life? Oftentimes we journalists are so intent on taking action (asking questions, capturing video or audio) that to be, in Nora Ephron\u2019s words,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2013\/08\/29\/wallflower_at_the_orgy_nora_ephron_on_the_sixties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cthe wallflower at the orgy,\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;feels as if we are shirking our responsibilities. We are not. Unobtrusive (I do not, emphatically, mean invasive) observation is a portal to practicing the journalism of empathy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-heading   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Building your empathy skills<\/h2>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>The misconception is that some people are empathetic and some people are not. In fact, cognitive empathy can be learned. We can practice empathy by using verbal and nonverbal signals to show we are working to understand another person\u2019s feelings and ideas. These are simple acts: leaning in when someone talks, nodding, looking someone in the eyes, putting down a pen. We can employ and practice empathetic techniques in the field: face-to-face time with subjects, listening with intention, taking the time to observe with an open and inquisitive mind. We can exercise our Muscle of Empathy by remaining humble and remembering whose story this is. We approach the work after diligent research, but we don\u2019t approach our subjects as if we are the experts.&nbsp;<em>They<\/em>&nbsp;are the experts. That acknowledgement is part of the practice of empathy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>If this sounds to you like the work cultural anthropologists do, you\u2019re right. They are, the best ones are, experts in understanding and chronicling The Other. For a book I wrote years ago about teen girl culture and mothering a 21<sup>st<\/sup>&nbsp;century teen,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/303379\/my-teenage-werewolf-by-lauren-kessler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cMy Teenage Werewolf,\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;I thought of&nbsp; myself as Margaret Mead in Middle School as I sat quietly in the back of classrooms and cafeterias for 18 months.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>If you have, or had, a teen in your house, or if you were a difficult and mercurial teen yourself (is there any other kind?), you may have felt&nbsp;<em>emotional&nbsp;<\/em>empathy for me when you read the above paragraph. This is quite different than cognitive empathy. Emotional empathy is likely a personality trait, although it can certainly be nourished or quashed by upbringing and circumstance. Feeling the same emotion as another person, feeling distress in response to another\u2019s plight, feeling compassion for what they are experiencing \u2014 these are the components of emotional empathy. It may be that we experience these feelings during the course of our reporting. But feeling \u2014 or not feeling \u2014 these emotions is not a part of the Journalism of Empathy. Emotional empathy, when it occurs, can make us feel uncomfortable, a sign that we\u2019ve gotten too close to our subject and have jeopardized our impartiality.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>I am not sure that\u2019s true. I am not sure that compassion, which is really what emotional empathy is, stands in the way of good journalism. In fact, it may be lack of compassion that is the problem. In a sharply divided world where people not only don\u2019t understand each other but won\u2019t even talk to each other, it seems that a core mission of our work should be to help make us knowable to one another. To do that we don\u2019t shove our (perhaps unwelcome) feet in someone else\u2019s shoes. We don\u2019t take over someone else\u2019s story. We don\u2019t pretend to be experts when we haven\u2019t lived the experience. We don\u2019t pretend not to have feelings. We listen and watch. We practice humility and silence. We stay fully human as we do our job.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>We embrace empathy.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p>***<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-classic mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"  core-block\">\n        <div class=\"block block--core block--core-paragraph mb-5   max-w-screen-full mx-auto\">\n            \n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/laurenkessler.com\/bio\/\"><strong>Lauren Kessler<\/strong><\/a>\u2019s two most recent books,&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/iupress.org\/9781684350780\/a-grip-of-time\/\"><em>\u201cGrip of Time: When Prison is Your Life\u201d<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.porchlightbooks.com\/product\/free-two-years-six-lives-and-the-long-journey-home--lauren-kessler?variationCode=9781728236513\"><em>\u201cFree: Two Years, Six Lives, and the Long Journey Home,\u201d<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;are deep dives into the worlds of incarceration and reentry. She continues to correspond with and edit the work of the men in the prison writing group she founded in 2016.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An author who profiles sensitive subjects makes a case for &#8220;the journalism of empathy&#8221; and how to practice it<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topics":[],"authors":[277],"issue":[],"class_list":["post-2352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-personal-essays","authors-lauren-kessler-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What empathy is, and isn&#039;t, in journalism - Nieman Storyboard<\/title>\n<meta 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