{"id":2360,"date":"2022-12-07T13:00:43","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T13:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/12\/07\/exposing-social-problems-to-engage-readers\/"},"modified":"2024-10-21T17:27:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T17:27:39","slug":"exposing-social-problems-to-engage-readers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/12\/07\/exposing-social-problems-to-engage-readers\/","title":{"rendered":"Making good journalistic trouble, Part I: Exposing overlooked problems"},"content":{"rendered":" \n
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EDITOR\u2019S NOTE: In a series on making \u201cgood trouble\u201d through journalism, Paul A. Kramer of Vanderbilt University argues for seven approaches that can help create partnerships between writers and readers to better address social problems. From his introduction<\/a>: \u201cThe best narrative non-fiction writing on social problems \u2026 grapples with a particular social reality in order to question it, subject it to critical attention and convince readers that its existence and continuance is not inevitable.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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The first of the re-frames calls for exposure: stories that highlight problems \u201chidden in plain sight.\u201d Additional approaches will be posted this week and next.<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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This problem is something you need to know is happening.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Exposure work takes on issues that readers are expected to see as problems in the abstract, or in the past, but that they don\u2019t know are real and serious in their present world. So the writer\u2019s job is to raise awareness of the situation and convey what needs to be known about it. It\u2019s the classic form of social-investigatory writing, one that dates back at least as far as the American \u201cmuckraking\u201d journalism of the turn-of-the-20th<\/sup>-century.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Projects in exposure can rely on a rosy assessment of readers, their values and the ways they read and think. They can, for example, suppose that author and reader already share common values and that what readers ultimately need most is information: If they only knew what was going on, they would think and act differently.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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So the writer pledges to reveal things that readers are simply unaware of, or that might seem implausible or even impossible, or that have until now been concealed. Writers often use the commonplace language of a problem \u201chidden in plain sight,\u201d piquing readers\u2019 curiosity with the promise of disclosure.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Nikole Hannah-Jones\u2019 article 2014  ProPublic piece, \u201cSegregation Now,\u201d<\/a> offered a gripping example of exposure journalism: She zeroed in on the racial re-division of American schools that has been occurring in recent decades. Through the educational experiences of James, Melissa and D\u2019Leisha Dent, from three generations of a Black family in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the piece tells of school integration\u2019s national rise and fall in ways that expose segregation\u2019s persistence and shatters complacent narratives of advancement. From the project:<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Related Posts<\/h2>\n\n
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Introduction<\/a>:\u00a0Making good trouble<\/p>\n

I.\u00a0Exposure<\/a>:\u00a0Highlighting overlooked problems<\/p>\n

II.\u00a0Urgency<\/a>:\u00a0Revealing the immediacy of problems<\/p>\n

III.\u00a0Activation<\/a>:\u00a0Challenging a sense of powerlessness<\/p>\n

IV.\u00a0Re-specification<\/a>:\u00a0Reconsidering causes and effects of a problem<\/p>\n

V.\u00a0Solidarity<\/a>:\u00a0Standing with those affected<\/p>\n

VI.\u00a0Responsibility<\/a>:\u00a0Connecting action to consequence<\/p>\n

VII.\u00a0Value-switching<\/a>:\u00a0Considering different moral stances<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/a>:\u00a0The gift of narrative nonfiction<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n\t\n<\/div> \n

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\u201cTuscaloosa\u2019s schools today are not as starkly segregated as they were in 1954, the year the Supreme Court declared an end to separate and unequal education in America\u2026\u201d she writes, but school segregation is \u201cno less pernicious: in Tuscaloosa and elsewhere, it involves the removal and isolation of poor black and Latino students, in particular, from everyone else. In Tuscaloosa today, nearly one in three black students attends a school that looks as if Brown v. Board of Education never happened.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Where readers might come to the subject with vague, optimistic visions of progress, Hannah-Jones instead brings to light the ways that conservatives\u2019 defiance of court-ordered desegregation, white flight from integrated schools that cross demographic \u201ctipping points\u201d and the pressure to attract investment by companies with mostly white staffs conspired to reverse earlier gains.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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\"Journalist,
Nikole Hannah-Jones<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div> \n
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As she shows, to devastating effect, the result has been deeper segregation and stratification, declining educational opportunities for Black students and widening gaps in achievement. While the fact of school segregation itself \u2014 especially in the past \u2014 should not be new to her readers, Hannah-Jones\u2019 exposure of present-day \u201capartheid schools\u201d recasts integration as an abandoned project that must be revitalized.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Beware sensationalism and simplification<\/h2>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n
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Exposure work can come with occupational hazards. Writers can sensationalize, over-dramatizing an issue in order to break through readers\u2019 assumed ignorance, or they can simplify matters in the pursuit of punch or monetized attention. Where such writing assumes shared values, it can fail to connect with readers who bring different moral frameworks to bear and who may need to be directly engaged at that more fundamental level.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Reliance on an exposure mode also can shut out those who are already painfully aware of the problem, especially those harmed by it. How many authors promise to expose social worlds that are supposedly invisible or hidden to an assumed mainstream readership that is white, middle-class, invested with citizenship or otherwise empowered in ways that many people simply aren\u2019t?<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Here the \u201cother half\u201d is separated from and uninvited to the conversation about them, but as the object of pity and prurience. And those who have exercised the privileges of unawareness up to this point get to enjoy the additional pleasures of sudden revelation, a sense of enlightenment and the chance to perform this enlightenment to others.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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This is not an inevitable result of exposure work, but it is a risk. The best writing in this mode makes troubling realities known in ways that undercut or dismantle these social divisions rather than reinforce them, convening broad-based publics by calling them to outrage and action, including publics that had not previously existed.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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NEXT: Revealing the urgency and immediacy of social problems<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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***<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n

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Paul A. Kramer <\/strong>is an associate professor at Vanderbilt University<\/a>, where he teaches history and non-fiction writing. He is the author of several academic studies and essays that have been published by major news sites. His book, \u201cThe Blood of Government,\u201d has won several awards, including being named a finalist for the Philippines National Book Award in the social science category.<\/em><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Vanderbilt professor argues that nonfiction writing can connect writers, readers and social issues through a re-frame of traditional story approaches<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"topics":[],"authors":[379],"issue":[],"class_list":["post-2360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essays-on-craft","authors-paul-a-kramer"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMaking good journalistic trouble, Part I: Exposing overlooked problems - Nieman Storyboard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niemanstoryboard.org\/2022\/12\/07\/exposing-social-problems-to-engage-readers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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